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ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].

1. I. As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
1. A. In space.
1. 1. Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
1. a. Horizontally: fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur, the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.: Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem, Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Müll.; and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum … ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.
   Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.
2. b. In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.: duplices tendens ad sidera palmas, Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422): ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna, Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant; ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc., Ov. M. 7, 188: altitudo pertingit ad caelum, Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.
3. c. Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in): tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu, Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
2. 2. The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
1. a. Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularīs, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Müll. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.): ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse, Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58.
   Hence,
1. (α) With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8: ad Sullam adire, id. ib. 25: ad se adferre, id. Verr. 4, 50: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat, id. ib. 5, 27: ad laborem adhortantur, id. de Sen. 14: T. Vectium ad se arcessit, id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)
2. (β) Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.): oratus sum venire ad te huc, Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.: eamus ad me, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64: ancillas traduce huc ad vos, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22: transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum, id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.: te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias, Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.
3. (γ) Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.: Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt, Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35: in aedem Veneris, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120; in aedem Concordiae, Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21; 2, 6, 12): ad Dianae, to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43: ad Opis, Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14: ad Castoris, id. Quint. 17: ad Juturnae, id. Clu. 101: ad Vestae, Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.
4. (δ) With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem: postea ad pistores dabo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119: praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari, id. Capt. 2, 2, 109: in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48: nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit, Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.: de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi, id. ib. 5, 3: velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant, id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16: ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo, in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2: ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese, Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.
   Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, προσφωνεῖν): has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli, Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12: quae institueram, ad te mittam, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem; and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi, Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.
   So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.
   In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.
   (ε) With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of: miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum, Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81: ad Veios, Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.
   Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it: ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt, Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9; or when it is joined with usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.
   (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad: magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas, Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).
   (ζ) With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus: nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit? Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34: Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras, Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73: Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70: ipse ad hostem vehitur, Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10: aliquem ad hostem ducere, Tac. A. 2, 52: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, Verg. A. 2, 443: munio me ad haec tempora, Cic. Fam. 9, 18: ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia, Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41; so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem, Cic. Off. 3, 24: remedium ad tertianam, Petr. Sat. 18: munimen ad imbrīs, Verg. G. 2, 352: farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est, Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243: ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces, Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).
   (η) The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare: nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.: vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos, Liv. 5 47.
   (The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)
2. b. The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.): via pejor ad usque Baii moenia, Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97: rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa, Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969: cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos, Hor. S. 1, 9, 10: ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet, Curt. 3, 9, 10: laeva pars ad pectus est nuda, id. 6, 5, 27 al.
   Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one: ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur, Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so, vestīs ad Seras peti, id. 12, 1, 1.
   Trop.: si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10: deverberāsse usque ad necem, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13; without usque: hic ad incitas redactus, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20: virgis ad necem caedi, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
3. 3. Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.): ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem, Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98; 3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium, stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25; apud ipsum astas): ad forīs adsistere, Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24: astiterunt ad januam, Vulg. Act. 10, 17: non adest ad exercitum, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133: aderant ad spectaculum istud, Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31: et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit, Lucr. 3, 959: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6: haec arma habere ad manum, Quint. 12, 5, 1: dominum esse ad villam, Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21: errantem ad flumina, Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. γ): pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! Cic. Phil. 1, 17.
   Even of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud), Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60: ad inferos poenas parricidii luent, among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13: neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur, Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.: si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.
   Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154: villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way, Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph: “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent … solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,” Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.
   So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10: conchas ad Caietam legunt, id. Or. 2, 6: ad forum esse, to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.
   Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left: ad dextram, Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69: ad laevam, Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.: ad dextram … ad laevam, Liv. 40, 6; and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset, at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
2. B. In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
1. 1. Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12: cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem, toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.
2. 2. The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to: ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53: philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14: quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5: ad multam noctem, Cic. de Sen. 14: Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit, id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1: Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse, id. Off. 2, 23, 82: bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus, id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al.
   And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away: ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus, Cic. Att. 7, 8: usque ab aurora ad hoc diei, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.
3. 3. Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by: praesto fuit ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22: admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent, on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A: nostra ad diem dictam fient, id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313: ad id tempus, Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
3. C. The relations of number.
1. 1. An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. ἐπί, πρός with acc. and the Fr. près de, à peu près, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102): ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111: nummorum Philippūm ad tria milia, id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added: quasi ad quadraginta minas, as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93: sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1: cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset, id. Clu. 40, 110: ad hominum milia decem, Caes. B. G. 1, 4: oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos, id. ib. 1, 5.
   In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which ἀμφί, περί, and εἰς with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes. B. G. 2, 33: ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt, id. B. C. 3, 53: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.
2. 2. The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare): ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41: aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit, even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2: miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat, to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15: quid ad denarium solveretur, Cic. Quint. 4.
   The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. οἱ καθ’ ἕνα πάντες (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22: de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt, Cic. Lael. 23: ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt, Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.: naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur, Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. οἱ καθ’ ἕνα; in Hebr. [??], Exod. 14, 28).
   Ad unum without omnes: ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum, Cic. Fam. 10, 16: Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos, Verg. A. 5, 687.
4. D. In the manifold relations of one object to another.
1. 1. That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
1. a. With verbs: ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius, in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45: numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat, id. ib. 5, 4, 1: nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus, that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28: nil est ad nos, is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845: nil ad me attinet, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54: nihil ad rem pertinet, Cic. Caecin. 58; and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum, id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68: Quid ad praetorem? id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).
2. b. With adjectives: ad has res perspicax, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129: virum ad cetera egregium, Liv. 37, 7, 15: auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat, Caes. B. G. 3, 25: ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129: ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est, id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48: difficilis (res) ad credendum, Lucr. 2, 1027: ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior, Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.
3. c. With nouns: prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit, before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. ὅπως ἔχει τις πρός τι): mentis ad omnia caecitas, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas, id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1: ad cetera paene gemelli, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.
   So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.: facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi, Cic. Font. 6; facultas ad agendum, id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.
4. d. In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater; jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur, Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.
2. 2. With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. κατά, πρός): columnas ad perpendiculum exigere, Cic. Mur. 77: taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379: ad amussim non est numerus, Varr. 2, 1, 26: ad imaginem facere, Vulg. Gen. 1, 26: ad cursus lunae describit annum, Liv. 1, 19: omnia ad diem facta sunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 5: Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant, id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9: ad aequos flexus, at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361: turres ad altitudiem valli, Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6: ad eandem crassitudinem structi, id. 44, 11: ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum, with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8: stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem, Suet. Ner. 31: lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum, Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1: canere ad tibiam, Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.: in numerum ludere, Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175): quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi, Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Müll.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294: ad unguem factus homo, a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86): ad istorum normam sapientes, Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3: Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8: exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae, id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so, ad simulacrum, Liv. 40, 6: ad Punica ingenia, id. 21, 22: ad L. Crassi eloquentiam, Cic. Var. Fragm. 8: omnia fient ad verum, Juv. 6, 324: quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit, Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30: ad hunc modum institutus est, id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13: ad eundem istunc modum, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70: quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat, of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf. 91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur, Lucr. 2, 281: ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt, to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71: ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Romā contendit, id. Rab. Post. 21: aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet, Caes. B. C. 3, 51: rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus, Cic. Off. 1, 26: rem ad illorum libidinem judicārunt, id. Font. 36: ad vulgi opinionem, id. Off. 3, 21.
   So in later Lat. with instar: ad instar castrorum, Just. 36, 3, 2: scoparum, App. M. 9, p. 232: speculi, id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.
   Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely κατά with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317: ad navīs feratur, like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro.
   With noun: ad specus angustiac vallium, like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.
   Hence,
3. 3. With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
1. a. The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of: cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur, Lucr. 3, 144: ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.
2. b. The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
1. (α) is done,
2. (β) is designed, or,
3. (γ) is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
1. (α) Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80): venimus coctum ad nuptias, in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15: omnis ad perniciem instructa domus, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54: cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam, in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71: quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72: utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57: ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo, for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17: haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant, Sall. C. 13, 4: ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis, Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67: paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.
2. (β) Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30: ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11; (in the same sense: in rem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6): ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40: ad frena leones, Verg. A. 10, 253: delecto ad naves milite, marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.: servos ad remum, rowers, id. 34, 6; and: servos ad militiam emendos, id. 22, 61, 2: comparāsti ad lecticam homines, Cat. 10, 16: Lygdamus ad cyathos, Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.
3. (γ) Quae oportet Signa esse ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2: haec sunt ad virtutem omnia, id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33: causa ad objurgandum, id. And. 1, 1, 123: argumentum ad scribendum, Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245): vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam, Cato R. R. 125: nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio, Cic. Brut. 24: reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia, Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al.
   So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.: homines ad hanc rem idoneos, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6: calcei habiles et apti ad pedem, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231: orator aptus tamen ad dicendum, id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5: sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta, id. N. D. 2, 64, 160: homo ad nullam rem utilis, id. Off. 3, 6: ad segetes ingeniosus ager, Ov. F. 4, 684.
   (Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)
4. 4. Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with: ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100: ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum’st, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69: terra ad universi caeli complexum, compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40: homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido, Liv. 22, 22, 15: at nihil ad nostram hanc, nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
5. E. Adverbial phrases with ad.
1. 1. Ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., Liv. 35, 32, 4.
2. 2. Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, ἐπί τούτοις: nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc., Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3: his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens, Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.
3. 3. Ad id quod, beside that (very rare): ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.
4. 4. Ad tempus.
1. a. At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.
2. b. At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.
3. c. For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.
4. d. According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.
5. 5. Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
1. a. For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.
2. b. At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.
   So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.
6. 6. Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, Liv. 27, 27, 2.
7. 7. Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.
8. 8. Ad summam.
1. a. On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.
2. b. In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106.
9. 9. Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
1. a. At the end, finally, at last.
1. (α) Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.: missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat, Liv. 21, 8, 10.
2. (β) Of time = τέλος δέ, at last, finally: ibi ad postremum cedit miles, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.
   Hence,
3. (γ) of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire; ad extremum agere cum dignitate, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.
2. b. In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.: consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis, id. 28, 28, 8.
10. 10. Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.
11. 11. Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    Note:
1. a. Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns: traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kühner).
2. b. Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive: quam ad, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39: senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit, Cic. N. D. 2, 4: ripam ad Araxis, Tac. Ann. 12, 51; or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam, id. ib. 12, 8.
3. c. The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum’st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
2. II. In composition.
1. A. Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.
   But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.
2. B. Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
1. 1. Local.
1. a. To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio (to one’s self).
2. b. At, by: astare, adesse.
3. c. On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.
4. d. Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decĭdo): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.
2. 2. Fig.
1. a. To: adjudico, adsentior.
2. b. At or on: admiror, adludo.
3. c. Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.
4. d. Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.
5. e. Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.
6. f. Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

ad-nĕpos (atn-), ōtis, m., a son of the abnepos or of the abneptis, i. e. the grandson of a great-grandson, or of a greatgranddaughter, i. e. a fourth-grandson; corresponding in the descending line to atavus in the ascending. So in the epitaph of the emperor Commodus: DIVI NERVAE ADNEPOTI, Orell. Inscr. 887; so Dig. 38, 10, 1, § 7 al.

ad-neptis (atn-), is, f., a daughter of the abnepos or of the abneptis, i. e. a granddaughter of a great-grandchild, i. e. a fourth granddaughter, antith. to the atavia, Dig. 38, 10, 1, § 7.

ămussis, is, f. [etym. unc.; perh. from am- and assis = axis, a plank, i. e. something flat, straight, moved about a surface in adjusting it] (acc. amussim, v. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 198; abl. and plur. not used; only ante- and post-class.), a rule or level, used by carpenters, masons, etc.: amussis: tabula, quā utuntur ad saxa leviganda, Varr. ap. Non. p. 9, 17; Aus. Idyll. 16, 11; cf. Sisenn. ap. Charis. p. 178 P.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 6 Müll.
In class. Lat. in the adv. phrases,

1. I. ad ămussim (also written as one word, ad-ămussim or ătamussim), according to a rule or level, i. e. accurately, exactly: adamussim non est numerus, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 26: talionem ad amussim aequiparare, Gell. 20, 1, 34 Hertz: ut judicium esse factum atamussim diceres, id. 1, 4, 1 id.
2. II. exămussim, according to a rule, exactly, quite: Ne ista edepol, si vera haec loquitur, examussimst optuma, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 213 (with the forms adamussim and examussim, cf. the Gr. ἐκποδών and ἐμποδών).

at or ast, conj. [Curtius connects the Sanscr. ati, ultra, nimis, the Gr. ἔτι, the Lat. et, and at in atavus; Vanicek connects with these at, atque, and atqui. Thus the original idea of addition is prominent in ἔτι, et, and atque; and the idea of opposition in at and atqui, which agree with ἀτ-άρ in meaning as well as in form. After the same analogy, the Gr. πλέον, more, has become πλήν, but; and the Lat. magis has passed into the same meaning in the Fr. mais and the Ital. mai. The confusion in MSS. between at, ac, and et, and between atque and atqui, was prob. caused as much by their connection in idea as in form] (it was sometimes, for the sake of euphony, written ad; cf. Quint. 12, 10; 12, 32; 1, 7, 5; Charis. p. 203 P., where, instead of at conjunctionem esse, ad vero praepositionem, the reading should be, ad conjunctionem esse, at vero praepositionem, Fr.; v. the pass. in its connection; cf. also Vel. Long. p. 2230 P.; Cassiod. p. 2287 P.; Mar. Vict. p. 2458 P. The form ast is found in the old laws; it occurs once in Trag. Rel., but never in Com. Rel. nor in Lucil.; at is found in Plautus about 280 times, and ast about 10 times; in Ter. at about 100 times, and ast once; in Hor. at 60 times, ast 3 times; in Verg. at 168 times, ast 16; in Juv. at 17 times, ast 7; Catull., Tibull., and Prop. use only at, and Pers. (Jahn) only ast; in prose, Cic. uses ast in his epistles. It joins to a previous thought a new one, either antithetical or simply different, and especially an objection; while sed denotes a direct opposition; and autem marks a transition, and denotes at once a connection and an opposition).

1. I. In adding a diff., but not entirely opp. thought, a qualification, restriction, etc., moreover, but, yet; sometimes an emphasized (but never merely copulative) and.
1. A. In gen.: SEI PARENTEM PVER VERBERIT AST OLE PLORASSIT PVER DIVEIS PARENTOM SACER ESTO, if the son strike his father, and the father complain, let the son, etc., Lex Serv. Tullii ap. Fest. s. v. plorare, p. 230 Müll.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24: Philosophari est mihi necesse, at paucis, but only in a few words, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 65 Rib.: DIVOS ET EOS QVI CAELESTES, SEMPER HABITI COLVNTO … AST OLLA PROPTER QVAE etc., Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 3, 4, 11: hinc Remus auspicio se devovet atque secundam Solus avem servat. At Romulus pulcer in alto Quaerit Aventino, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 Vahl.); Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 22: si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit, id. ib. 3, 5, 25: paret Amor dictis carae genetricis. At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem Inrigat, Verg. A. 1, 691: (Aeneas) finem dedit ore loquendi. At, Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro Bacchatur vates, id. ib. 6, 77; 11, 709 sq.: quo (odore) totum nati corpus perduxit; at illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura, id. G. 4, 416; so id. ib. 4, 460; 4, 513; id. A. 3, 259; 3, 675; 7, 81; 8, 241; 9, 793; Prop. 4, 4, 15; 4, 7, 11; Luc. 3, 664; 4, 36 al.
   Also in prose (chiefly post-Aug.): una (navis) cum Nasidianis profugit: at ex reliquis una praemissa Massiliam, etc., Caes. B. C. 2, 7: ubi facta sunt, in unum omnia miscentur. At pastilli haec ratio est, etc., Cels. 5, 17; 6, 18: quamquam insideret urbem proprius miles, tres urbanae, novem praetoriae cohortes Etruriā ferme Umbriāque delectae aut vetere Latio et coloniis antiquitus Romanis. At apud idonea provinciarum sociae triremes etc., Tac. A. 4, 5; 4, 6: negavit aliā se condicione adlecturum, quam si pateretur ascribi albo, extortum sibi a matre. At illa commota etc., Suet. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; 44; id. Vesp. 5; id. Dom. 4; id. Galb. 7 al.
   In the enumeration of particulars: Cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 20 Rib.: dant alios aliae (silvae) fetus: dant utile lignum Navigiis pinos … At myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello Cornus, Verg. G. 2, 447: Nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur … At nebulae magis etc., id. ib. 1, 401; 3, 87; id. A. 7, 691: Hic altā Sicyone, ast hic Amydone relictā, Hic Andro, etc., Juv. 3, 69.
   The Vulg. often uses at as a mere continuative, where even et or atque might stand: sciscitabur ab iis ubi Christus nasceretur. At illi dixerunt ei: In etc., Matt. 2, 5; 4, 20; 8, 32; 14, 29; 15, 34 et persaep.
   In transition,
2. B. Esp.,
1. 1. To a new narration, like the Gr. δέ; so the commencement of the fourth book of the Æneid: At regina gravi jam dudum saucia curā, etc. (the third book closes with the narrative of Æneas); so the beginning of the third book of the Thebaid of Statius: At non Aoniae moderator perfidus aulae, etc.; Verg. A. 4, 504; 5, 35; 5, 545; 5, 700; 5, 779; 6, 679; 7, 5; 8, 370; 8, 608; 9, 503; 10, 689; 11, 597; 12, 134 et saep.
   Also in the postAug. histt. and other prose writers; so after speaking of the Ubii etc., Tac. says: At in Chaucis coeptavere seditionem praesidium agitantes etc., A. 1, 38; so ib. 4, 13; 12, 62; 14, 23 et saep.
2. 2. To a wonderful, terrible, unexpected, or exciting occurrence or circumstance: clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit, etc. … At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones Effugiunt, Verg. A. 2, 225; 3, 225: Lacte madens illic suberat Pan ilicis umbrae, Et facta agresti lignea falce Pales etc. At quā Velabri regio patet etc., Tib. 2, 5, 33; Verg. G. 4, 471: consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, Arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis Frangitur in medio, id. A. 12, 731; 10, 763: adusque Supremum tempus, ne se penuria victūs Opprimeret metuebat. At hunc liberta securi divisit medium, Hor. S. 1, 1, 99: Magnus quanto mucrone minatur Noctibus hibernis et sidera terret Orion. At sonipes habitus etc., Stat. S. 1, 1, 46.
3. 3. To a passionate appeal, etc., in which case the antecedent clause is not expressed, but must be considered as existing in the mind of the speaker; cf. in Gr. ἀλλὰ σύ, σὺ δέ.
1. a. In passing to an interrogation, exhortation, request: At, scelesta, viden ut ne id quidem me dignum esse existumat? Plaut. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Aul. 1, 1, 8: At qui nummos tristis inuncat? Lucil. 15, 21 Müll.: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58: Ca. Non adest. Ps. At tu cita, id. Ps. 1, 1, 30: satis habeo, at quaeso hercle etiam vide, id. Merc. 5, 4, 53 (Ritschl, sat habeo. Sed): at unum hoc quaeso … Ut, etc., id. Capt. 3, 5, 89: at tu, qui laetus rides mala nostra caveto Mox tibi, Tib. 1, 2, 87: Hunc ut Peleus vidit, At inferias, juvenum gratissime Crantor, Accipe, ait, Ov. M. 12, 367: at tu, nauta, vagae ne parce malignus arenae Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare, Hor. C. 1, 28, 23.
   In prose: at vide quid succenseat, Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 2: itaque pulsus ego civitate non sum, quae nulla erat: at vide, quam ista tui latrocinii tela contempserim, id. Part. Or. 4, 1, 28; id. Dom. 44; App. M. 6, p. 179, 18.
2. b. In expressions of passion, astonishment, indignation, pain, etc.: At ut scelesta sola secum murmurat, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 13: Sc. Nunc quidem domi certost: certa res est Nunc nostrum opservare ostium, [ubi] ubist. Pa. At, Sceledre, quaeso, Ut etc., id. Mil. 2, 4, 46: At o deorum quidquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus, Quid iste fert tumultus? Hor. Epod. 5, 1: At tibi quanta domus rutila testudine fulgens, etc., Stat. S. 2, 4, 11.
   In prose: horum omnium studium una mater oppugnat: at quae mater? Cic. Clu. 70; id. Verr. 2, 2, 45: at per deos immortales! quid est, quod de hoc dici possit, id. ib. 2, 1, 46: institui senatores, qui omnia indicum responsa perscriberent. At quos viros! id. Sull. 42; id. Deiot. 19, 33: tangit et ira deos: at non impune feremus, Ov. M. 8, 279; 10, 724: at tibi Colchorum, memini, regina vacavi, id. H. 12, 1.
3. c. In indignant imprecations: At te di omnes cum consilio, Calve, mactāssint malo! Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 245 Rib.: At te Juppiter diique omnes perdant! Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 37: At te di deaeque faxint cum isto odio, Laches, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 59: At te di perdant, id. Eun. 3, 1, 41: At tibi di dignum factis exitium duint, id. And. 4, 1, 42: At vobis male sit, Cat. 3, 13: At tibi, pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis Di … persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita! Verg. A. 2, 535.
   In prose: At vos, ait, devota capita, respiciant di perjuriorum vindices, Just. 14, 4, 10.
4. d. Rarely of friendly inclination, disposition: At tibi di bene faciant omnes, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18: At tibi di semper, adulescens, quisquis es, faciant bene, id. Men. 5, 7, 32: At tu, Catulle, destinatus obdura, Cat. 8, 19.
5. e. In entreaty: At vos, o superi, miserescite regis, Verg. A. 8, 572: at tu, pater deūm hominumque, hinc saltem arce hostes, Liv. 1, 12.
2. II. In adding an entirely opposite thought, but, but indeed, but on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. (the strictly class. signif. of the word).
1. A. In gen.: at differentiam rerum significat: ut cum dicimus, Scipio est bellator, at M. Cato orator, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: splendet saepe, ast idem nimbis interdum nigret, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 170 Rib.: So. Mentire nunc. Me. At jam faciam, ut verum dicas dicere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 189: So. Per Jovem juro med etc. Me. At ego per Mercurium juro, tibi etc., id. ib. 1, 1, 280: Atque oppido hercle bene velle illud visus sum, Ast non habere quoi commendarem caprum, id. Merc. 2, 1, 22: fecit idem Themistocles … at idem Pericles non fecit, Cic. Att. 7, 11, 3: non placet M. Antonio consulatus meus, at placuit P. Servilio, id. Phil. 2, 5, 12: majores nostri Tusculanos Aequos … in civitatem etiam acceperunt, at Karthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt, id. Off. 1, 11, 35: brevis a naturā nobis vita data est; at memoria bene redditae vitae sempiterna, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32; id. Cat. 2, 2, 3; id. Leg. 2, 18: crebras a nobis litteras exspecta, ast plures etiam ipse mittito, id. Att. 1, 16 fin.: Rejectis pilis comminus gladiis pugnatum est. At Germani phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 52: Postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur. At M. Porcius Cato hujusce modi orationem habuit, Sall. C. 52, 1: hac iter Elysium nobis, at laeva … ad impia Tartara mittit, Verg. A. 6, 542: T. Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi … M. At nos hinc alii sitientīs ibimus Afros, id. E. 1, 65: Dam. Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella … Men. At mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis Amyntas, id. ib. 3, 66; 7, 35; 7, 55; id. G. 1, 219; 1, 242; 1, 370; 2, 151; 2, 184; 3, 331; 4, 18; 4, 180; id. A. 2, 35; 2, 687; 3, 424; 5, 264; 6, 489: Ast ego nutrici non mando vota, Pers. 2, 39: ast illi tremat etc., id. 6, 74: Ast vocat officium, id. 6, 27: At Jesus audiens ait, Vulg. Matt. 9, 12; 9, 22; 12, 3; 12, 48 et persaep.
1. a. In order to strengthen a contrast, sometimes (esp. in Plaut. and Ter.) with contra, e contrario, potius, etiam, vero.
1. (α) With contra: Summis nitere opibus, at ego contra ut dissimilis siem, Lucil. 26, 19 Müll.: Ergo quod magnumst aeque leviusque videtur … At contra gravius etc., Lucr. 1, 366; so id. 1, 570; 1, 1087; 2, 235: L. Opimius ejectus est e patriā: At contra bis Catilina absolutus est, Cic. Pis. 95; id. Verr. 5, 66; id. Sex. Rosc. 131; id. Quinct. 75: At tibi contra Evenit, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 27: (Cornutus) taedio curarum mortem in se festinavit: at contra reus nihil infracto animo, etc., Tac. A. 4, 28.
2. (β) With e contrario: apud nos mercenarii scribae existimantur; at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur, nisi, etc., Nep. Eum. 1, 5: in locis siccis partibus sulcorum imis disponenda sunt semina, ut tamquam in alveolis maneant. At uliginosis e contrario in summo porcae dorso collocanda, etc., Col. 11, 3, 44.
3. (γ) With potius: at satius fuerat eam viro dare nuptum potius, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 44: at potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam, Ov. H. 3, 149.
4. (δ) With etiam: At etiam, furcifer, Male loqui mi audes? but do you even? etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31; id. Trin. 4, 2, 151; id. Rud. 3, 4, 6: At etiam cubat cuculus. Surge, amator, i domum, but he is yet abed, id. As. 5, 2, 73; so id. Capt. 2, 3, 98; id. Mil. 4, 4, 6: Exi foras, sceleste. At etiam restitas, Fugitive! Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 1; 5, 6, 10: Proinde aut exeant, aut quiescant, etc. … at etiam sunt, Quirites, qui dicant, a me in exsilium ejectum esse Catilinam, on the contrary, there are indeed people who say. etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12; id. Phil. 2, 30, 76; id. Quinct. 56; id. Verr. 5, 77; id. Dom. 70 al.
   (ε) With vero, but certainly: At vero aut honoribus aucti aut etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Off. 2, 20, 70; 2, 23, 80; id. Fin. 1, 10, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 17 al.
   (ζ) With certe: Numquam ego te, vitā frater amabilior, Aspiciam posthac. At certe semper amabo, Cat. 65, 11; 66, 25.
   (η) So, quidem—at (very rare) = quidem —autem, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75.
2. b. Ironically: Th. Quid valeam? Ly. At tu aegrota, si lubet, per me aetatem quidem, Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 22: at, credo, mea numina tandem Fessa jacent, Verg. A. 7, 297; 7, 363; Ov. H. 1, 44.
2. B. Very freq. in adding an objection, from one’s own mind or another’s, against an assertion previously made, but, on the contrary, in opposition to this; sometimes, but one may say, it may be objected, and the like: Piscium magnam atque altilium vim interfecisti. At nego, Lucil. 28, 43 Müll.: Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publicā perniciosos cives morte multārunt. An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At numquam in hac urbe etc., Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28: Appellandi tempus non erat? At tecum plus annum vixit. In Galliā agi non potuit? At et in provinciā jus dicebatur et etc., id. Quinct. 41: Male judicavit populus. At judicavit. Non debuit. At potuit. Non fero. At multi clarissimi cives tulerunt, id. Planc. 11: sunt, quos signa, quos caelatum argentum delectant. At sumus, inquiunt, civitatis principes, id. Part. Or. 5, 2, 36; id. Fin. 4, 25, 71; id. Verr. 2, 2 fin.: quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat: A quo? At patet, id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Phil. 2, 9: convivium vicinorum cotidie compleo, quod ad multam noctem, quam maxime possumus, vario sermone producimus. At non est voluptatum tanta quasi titillatio in senibus. Credo: sed ne desideratio quidem, id. Sen. 14, 47: multo magnus orator praestat minutis imperatoribus. At prodest plus imperator. Quis negat? id. Brut. 73, 256; id. Div. 2, 29, 62; 2, 31, 67; 2, 32, 69 al.: Maxime Juppiter! At in se Pro quaestu sumptum facit hic, Hor. S. 1, 2, 18 al.
   In this case freq. strengthened,
1. a. By pol, edepol, hercule: At pol ego neque florem neque flocces volo mihi, Caecil., Com. Rel. p. 67 Rib.: So. Non edepol volo profecto. Me. At pol profecto ingratiis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 215; so id. As. 2, 2, 34; 4, 2, 14; id. Capt. 3, 4, 64; id. Cas. 2, 3, 15; id. Cist. 4, 2, 70; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, id. Poen. 5, 4, 61; 3, 1, 68: At hercule aliquot annos populus Romanus maximā parte imperii caruit, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 54; id. Sex. Rosc. 50: at hercle in eā controversiā, quae de Argis est, superior sum, Liv. 34, 31: At, Hercule, reliquis omnibus etc., Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 169: At, hercules, Diodorus et in morbo etc., id. 29, 6, 39, § 142: At hercule Germanicum Druso ortum etc., Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 17; 1, 26; 3, 54: At, hercules, si conscius fuissem etc., Curt. 6, 10, 20 al.
2. b. By enim, which introduces a reason for the objection implied in at, but certainly, but surely, but indeed, etc., ἀλλὰ γάρ: At enim tu nimis spisse incedis, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 16 Rib.; Turp. id. p. 93: at enim nimis hic longo sermone utimur; Diem conficimus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78: At enim istoc nil est magis etc., Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 21: At enim vereor, inquit Crassus, ne haec etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 188: cum dixisset Sophocles, O puerum pulchrum, Pericle. At enim praetorem, Sophocle, decet non solum manus, sed etiam oculos abstinentes habere, etc., id. Off. 1, 40, 144 Beier; so id. Mur. 35, 74; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52 al.: at enim inter hos ipsos existunt graves controversiae, id. Quinct. 1; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51; 20, 60; id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52: At enim cur a me potissimum hoc praesidium petiverunt? id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 15: At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei publicae decretum erit? Sall. C. 51, 25 Kritz: At enim quid ita solus ego circum curam ago? Liv. 6, 15; 34, 32: At enim eo foedere, quod etc., id. 21, 18; 34, 31; 39, 37: At enim nova nobis in fratrum filias conjugia; sed etc., Tac. A. 12, 6.
3. c. By tamen: Jam id peccatum primum magnum, magnum, at humanum tamen, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 53: Hi secretis sermonibus … conveniunt; nam publice civitas talibus inceptis abhorrebat. At tamen interfuere quidam etc., Tac. H. 4, 55: At certe tamen, inquiunt, quod etc., Cat. 10, 14.
3. C. With a preced. negative, sometimes no antithesis is appended by at, but it is indicated that if what has been said is not true, yet at least something else is true, but yet; sometimes with tamen, but yet; or certe, but at least, yet at least: Nolo victumas: at minimis me extis placare volo, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 95: Si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra, … At tamen in vostras potuisti ducere sedes, Cat. 64, 158 sq.: Non cognoscebantur foris, at domi: non ab alienis, at a suis, Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 56: Liceat haec nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere, id. Fl. 25, 61: Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi, Verg. A. 1, 543; so id. ib. 4, 615, and 6, 406.
   With certe: Haec erant … quorum cognitio studiosis juvenibus si non magnam utilitatem adferet, at certe, quod magis petimus, bonam voluntatem, Quint. 12, 11, 31; Cels. 2, 15; Suet. Calig. 12, al.
4. D. The antithesis is sometimes not so much in the clause appended by at, as in the persons or things introduced in it; so,
1. (α) Esp. freq. in conditional clauses with si, si non, si minus, etiam si, etc.; cf. Herm. ad Viger. 241: Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit; At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, if I perish here, but he does not return, yet etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 26; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 131: si ego digna hac contumeliā Sum maxime, at tu indignus qui faceres tamen, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 25: Si tu oblitus es, at di meminerunt, Cat. 30, 11: si non eo die, at postridie, Cato, R. R. 2, 1: si non paulo, at aliquanto (post petīsses), Cic. Quinct. 40; 97; id. Mil. 93 al.: quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat, id. Cat. 1, 22; id. Verr. 5, 69; id. Clu. 15: qui non possit, etiam si sine ullā suspitione, at non sine argumento male dicere, id. Cael. 3, 8.
2. (β) With etsi: ei, etsi nequāquam parem illius ingenio, at pro nostro tamen studio meritam gratiam referamus, Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14; Tac. Or. 19.
3. (γ) With quod si: Quod si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi, at ego ad deos confugiam, Liv. 9, 1; Tac. A. 1, 67.
5. E. At, like autem and δέ, sometimes serves simply to introduce an explanation: cum Sic mutilus miniteris. At illi foeda cicatrix etc., now an ugly scar etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 60.
3. F. And also like δέ in Hom. and Hdt., it sometimes introduces an apodosis,
1. a. With si: Bellona, si hobie nobis victoriam duis, ast ego templum tibi voveo, if to-day thou bestow victory, then I etc., ἐάν—δέ, Liv. 10, 19.
2. b. With quoniam: Nunc, quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce etc., since your disposition is past cure, at least etc., ἐπεί—δέ, Liv. 1, 28.
   Note:
1. A. At is sometimes repeated at the beginning of several clauses,
1. a. In opposition each to the preceding clause: Soph. Tu quidem haut etiam octoginta’s pondo. Paegn. At confidentiā Militia illa militatur multo magis quam pondere. At ego hanc operam perdo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47 sq.: Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit: At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, id. Capt. 3, 5, 25 sq.; id. As. 5, 2, 6 sqq. (Cic., in Quir. 7 and 10, opposes at to sed, and Tac., in A. 12, 6, sed to at).
2. b. In opposition to some common clause preceding: At etiam asto? At etiam cesso foribus facere hisce assulas? Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 20: Quid tum esse existimas judicatum? Certe gratīs judicāsse. At condemnārat; at causam totam non audierat; at in contionibus etc., Cic. Caecin. 113: Sit flagitiorum omnium princeps: at est bonus imperator, at felix, id. Verr. 5, 4; id. Sest. 47; id. Fragm. B. 16, 5 B. and K.: Nefarius Hippias Pisistrati filius arma contra patriam ferens; at Sulla, at Marius, at Cinna recte, imo jure fortasse, id. Att. 9, 10, 3: At non formosa est, at non bene culta puella; At, puto, non votis saepe petita meis? Ov. Am. 3, 7, 1 sq. Merk.: At quam sunt similes, at quam formosus uterque! id. F. 2, 395: rideri possit eo quod Rusticius tonso toga defluit: at est bonus ut melior vir Non alius quisquam; at tibi amicus; at ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore, Hor. S. 1, 3, 30 sqq. (cf. sed— sed, Cat. 64, 141; Juv. 5, 61; 8, 149; and a similar use of ἀλλά in Hellenistic Greek, as ἀλλά—ἀλλά, 2 Cor. 2, 17: ἀλλά—ἀλλά —ἀλλά, 1 Cor. 6, 11).
2. B. Though regularly occupying the first place in its clause or sentence, it sometimes stands second (cf. atque fin.): Saepius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas, Verg. E. 7, 67; id. G. 3, 331: Tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā, Hor. S. 1, 2, 47: Mentior at si quid, etc., id. ib. 1, 8, 37: Gramineis ast inde toris discumbitur, Val. Fl. 8, 255: Major at inde etc., Stat. Th. 4, 116.
   See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 417-451; Wagner, Quaest. XXXVII. ad Verg. IV. pp. 581- 585.

Ătābŭlus, i, m., a burning wind blowing in Apulia, now called sirocco, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 232; also mentioned by Horace, S. 1, 5, 78; and hence, Atabulus Horatianus, Gell. 2, 22, 25.

Ătăcīnus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the river Atax, in Gallia Narbonensis, Atacian: Ătăcīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Gallia Narbonensis, Mel. 2, 5, 2: P. Terentius Varro Atacinus, a poet from that region, flourishing in the time of Cœsar, single fragments of whose writings are yet extant; the author of an Argonautica, Hor. S. 1, 10, 46; cf. Ov. Am. 1, 15, 21; Prop. 3, 32, 85; Stat. S. 2, 7, 77; Quint. 10, 1, 87; Bähr, Röm. Lit. Gesch. p. 128, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 208, 1. (Upon his measure and style, cf. Spald. and Frotsch. ad Quint. l. l.)

Ătălanta, ae (-ē, ēs, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 29; id. A. A. 3, 775), f., = Ἀταλάντη.

1. I. A daughter of King Schœneus, in Bœotia, distinguished for her swiftness in running, conquered by Hippomenes (acc. to others, by Milanion) by stratagem, and married by him, Ov. M. 10, 565 sqq.; 10, 598 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 185; Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 113.
2. II. A daughter of Iasius of Arcadia, a participant in the Calydonian boar-hunt, and passionately loved by Meleager, Ov. H. 4, 99 (called, id. M. 8, 380, Tegeaea; and id. ib. 8, 426, Nonacria, v. h. v.).
3. III. Derivv.
1. A. Ătălantaeus or -ēus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Atalanta: aures, Stat. Th. 4, 309: labores, Manil. 5, 179: Schoenos, a town in Arcadia, in the vicinity of which Atalanta established foot-races, Stat. Th. 7, 267.
2. B. Ătălantĭădes, ae, m., a son of Atalanta and Meleager, i. e. Parthenopœus, Stat. Th. 7, 789.

‡ atanuvĭum or athanuvĭum, i, n., a kind of earthen bowl used by the Roman priests in offering sacrifices, Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.; v. Müll. ad h. l.

Ătargătis, īdis, f., = Ἀτάργατις, a Syrian deity, called also Derceto (Δερκετώ), Plin. 5, 23, 19, § 81; Macr. p. 1, 23.

Atarnĕa, ae, f., = Ἀτάρνα, Steph. Byz.; more com. Ἀταρνεύς, a town in Mysia, Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 122.
Hence, Atarnĕus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Atarnea, Plin. 37, 10, 56, § 156; cf. Mann. Asia Min. III. pp. 398 and 415.

† ătăt or attat, also several times repeated, atatatae, attatatatae, or atatte, atattate, etc., interj., = ἀτταταί, ἀτταταταί, etc.; an exclamation of joy, pain, wonder, fright, warning, etc., oh! ah! alas! lo! strange! etc.: Quid salve, atattatattatae, rivalis, salve; quid istuc attatae advertisti tam cito? Naev. ap. Charis. p. 214 P.: attatatae, cave cadas, amabo, id. ib. p. 213 P.: Attat, perii hercle ego miser, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 8; id. Pers. 4, 7, 12; id. Poen. 4, 1, 5: Atat eccam! id. Truc. 2, 7, 21; so id. Aul. 4, 8, 12; id. Cas. 3, 4, 29; id. Curc. 3, 20: Atat hoc illud est, Ter. And. 1, 1, 98; id. Eun. 4, 5, 1 al.; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 451 and 452; Bentl. ad Ter. And. 1, 1, 98.

ătăvĭa, ae, f. [atavus], the mother of a great-great-grandfather (abavus) or greatgreat-grandmother (abavia), a fourth grandmother, opp. to adneptis, Dig. 38, 10, 1; 38, 10, 10.

ătăvus (archaic, -ŏs), i, m. [at avus], the father of a great-great-grandfather (abavus) or great-great-grandmother, opp. to adnepos.

1. I. Lit., cf. Dig. 38, 10, 1, 38, 10, 10; Isid. Orig. 9, 5, 9 and 10; 9, 6, 23 and 25; Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 5; Cic. Cael. 14.
2. II. In gen., sometimes, like avus, abavus, etc., for ancestor, forefather: Turnus avis atavisque potens, Verg. A. 7, 56: Evocat antiquis proavos atavosque sepulchris, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 17: Maecenas, atavis edite regibus, Hor. C. 1, 1, 1.

Ătax, ăcis, m., = Ἄταξ, a small river in Gallia Narbonensis, now Aude, Mel. 2, 5; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 32; Luc. 1, 403; Sid. Carm. 9, 15; cf. Mann. Gall. p. 63.

Ātella, ae, f., = Ἀτέλλα.

1. I. An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.
2. II. Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan: municipium, Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.
   But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.
   Hence,
3. III. Derivv.
1. 1. Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.: gesticulator, Tert. Spect. 17.
2. 2. Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce: versus, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25: ars, Macr. S. 1, 10.
3. 3. Ātellānĭcus, a, um, adj., the same: exodium, Suet. Tib. 45: versus, Petr. 68, 5.
4. 4. Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3.

1. āter, tra, trum, adj. [cf. αἴθω, to burn; Sanscr. idh; αἴθων αἰθήρ, Αἴτνη, Aetna, aether, aestus, aestas] (pr. burnt black, black as a coal; cf.: Tam excoctam reddam atque atram quam carbost, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63: hence), black; and specif., coalblack, lustreless-black, sable, dark (opp. albus, lustreless-white, and diff. from niger, glossy black, v. albus init.; class. and freq., but never in Vulg., which uses niger).

1. I. Lit.: album an atrum vinum potas? Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 17: atrior multo Quam Aegyptii, id. Poen. 5, 5, 11: alba et atra discernere non poterat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: nigra scuta, tincta corpora; atras ad proelia noctes legunt, Tac. G. 43: Mos erat antiquus niveis atrisque capillis, etc., Ov. M. 15, 41; so id. ib. 15, 44; cf. albus: fauces, Lucr. 6, 1147: dens, Hor. Epod. 8, 3: nubes, Lucr. 6, 180; Hor. C. 2, 16, 2: lumen, with smoke, Verg. A. 7, 457: agmen, with dust, id. ib. 12, 450 Serv.: axis, with blood, Sil. 2, 186: Eridanus ater stragibus, id. 6, 107: bilis, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 64, and Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11 (cf. the Gr. μελαγχολία): cruor, Hor. Epod. 17, 31: tempestas, Lucr. 6, 258 sq.; Verg. A. 5, 693: hiemps, id. ib. 7, 214: canis, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: corvus atro gutture, Cat. 108, 5: venena, Verg. G. 2, 130: Tartara, Lucr. 3, 966; so, Cocytus, Hor. C. 2, 14, 17: mare, dark, stormy, id. S. 2, 2, 16: fluctus, Verg. A. 5, 2: mons, v. 2. ater.
   The proverb albus an ater, v. albus.
   Poet., = atratus, clothed in black: lictores, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 6; cf. albus, I. B. 2.
2. II. Trop.
1. A. In gen., black, dark, gloomy, sad, dismal, unfortunate, etc.: funus, Lucr. 2, 580: formido, id. 4 [173], and id. 6, 254; so, Timor, Verg. A. 9, 719: cupressus, id. ib. 3, 64: dies, id. ib. 6, 429; Prop. 3, 2, 4: mors, Hor. C. 1, 28, 13: fila trium sororum, id. ib. 2, 3, 16: Esquiliae (as a burying-place), dismal, id. S. 2, 6, 32: seu mors atris circumvolat alis, id. ib. 2, 1, 58: cura, id. C. 3, 1, 40; 3, 14, 13; 4, 11, 35: lites, id. A. P. 423: comes, id. S. 2, 7, 115: serpens, Verg. G. 1, 129; Ov. M. 3, 63 al.: genius .. vultu mutabilis, albus et ater, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 189.
   In Roman civil life, dies atri are the days on which the state experienced some calamity, unlucky days. (This designation is said to have arisen from the Roman custom of marking every unfortunate day in the calendar with coal); Varr. L. L. 6, § 29; Liv. 6, 1; Gell. 5, 17; Fest. s. v. nonarum, p. 179 Müll.; id. s. v. religiosus, p. 278 Müll.; Ov. A. A. 1, 418; Macr. S. 1, 15 fin. and 16; Afran. ap. Non. p. 73, 33: si atro die faxit insciens, probe factum esto, Liv. 22, 10.
2. B. Esp.
1. 1. Rare and poet., of mind or feeling, malevolent, malicious, virulent (cf. niger, II. D., and the Gr. μέλας, II. 4 Lidd. and Scott): versus, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 30: si quis atro dente me petiverit, id. Epod. 6, 15.
2. 2. Also poet. of something difficult to be understood, dark, obscure (so μέλας, Anth. Pal. 11, 347): latebrae Lycophronis atri, Stat. p. 5, 3, 157.
   Comp. v. supra, I.
   Sup. and adv. not used.

2. Āter mons, a mountain in the interior of Africa, north of Phazania (Fezzan), Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 35.<

Āternĭus, ii, m., a Roman family name: Aternius Fontinalis, a consul A. U. C. 300, Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60 Mai; from him proceeded the Lex Aternia (or Tarpeia; cf. Fest. s. v. peculatus, p. 237 Müll.): de multā, Gell. 11, 1, 2.

Āternus, i, m., = Ἄτερνος, a river in Samnium emptying into the Adriatic Sea, now Pescara, Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 44; 3, 12, 17, § 106.
At its mouth was the town Āter-num, i, n., = Ἄτερνον, named after it, now also called Pescara, Liv. 24, 47; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 468.
Hence, Aternensis ager, Front. Col. p. 120 Goes.

Ăteste, is, n., = Ἀτεστέ (Ptol.), a town in the country of the Venetians, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130; 17, 17, 26, § 122; Tac. H. 3, 6; later called Ad Este and Ab Este, whence arose the present name, Este; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 97.
Hence, Ătestīnus, a, um, adj., of Ateste, Mart. 10, 93: ATESTINI, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Ateste, Inscr. Orell. 3110.

Ăthăcus, i, f., = Ἄθακος, a town in Macedonia, Liv. 31, 34.

Ăthămānĭa, ae, f., = Ἀθαμανία.

1. I. A district in Epirus, on or near Mount Pindus, Liv. 36, 14.
   Hence,
2. II. Derivv.
1. A. Ăthămānes, um, m., = Ἀθαμᾶνες, the inhabitants of Athamania, Cic. Pis. 40; Liv. 31, 42; Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6.
2. B. Ăthă-mānis, ĭdis, f., an Athamanian woman, Ov. M. 15, 311 Jahn.
3. C. Ăthămānus, a, um, adj., of Athamania: litora, Prop. 5, 6, 15.

Ăthămas, antis, m., = Ἀθάμας.

1. I.
   1. A. Son of Æolus, grandson of Hellen, king in Thessaly (first in Bœotia in Ἀθαμάντιον πεδίον, among the Orchomeni, O. Müll. Orchom. I. p. 161), the father of Helle and Phrixus by Nephele, and of Melicerta and Learchus by Ino; in a fit of madness he pursued Ino, who, with Melicerta, threw herself into the sea, and both were changed to sea-deities, Ino to Leucothea (Matuta), and Melicerta to Palaemon (Portunus), Ov. M. 3, 564; 4, 420 sq.; id. F. 4, 903; 6, 489; Hyg. Fab. 2; Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 241; cf. Apollod. 3, p. 171; Paus. Att. p. 108: Athamante dementior, Cic. Pis. 20, 47.
   2. B. Derivv.
   1. 1. Ăthămantēus, a, um, adj., = Ἀθαμαντεῖος, pertaining to Athamas, named after him, Athamantic: sinus, Ov. M. 4, 497: pinus, Stat. S. 5, 3, 143: aurum, i. e. the golden fleece of Phrixus, Mart. 8, 28.
   2. 2. Ăthămantĭădes, ae, m. patr., = Ἀθαμαντιάδης, son of Athamas, i. e. Palœmon, Ov. M. 13, 919 (this word also stands by conj. of Hertzberg in Prop. 4, 6, 22).
   3. 3. Ăthămantis ĭdis, f. patr., = Ἀθαμαντίς, daughter of Athamas, i. e. Helle, Ov. F. 4, 903; id. H. 18, 137.
2. II. A mountain in Thessaly, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 29.
   Hence, Ăthă-mantĭcus, a, um, adj., = Ἀθαμαντικός, Athamantic: meum, a plant, bear’s-wort: Athamanta meum, Linn.; Plin. 20, 23, 94, § 253 (by many of the ancients referred to Athamas, I., as named by him, v. Plin. l. l.).

Ăthănāgĭa, ae, f., a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, now acc. to Ukert, Agramant, Liv. 21, 61; cf. Mann. Hispan. p. 401.

Ăthănāsĭus, ii, m., = Ἀθανάσιος, a celebrated archbishop of Alexandria in the time of the emperor Constantine; a zealous persecutor of the Arians, and by them much persecuted in return; he died A. D. 377.

Ăthănătus, i, m. [ἀθάνατος, immortal], a man of gigantic stature and superhuman strength, in the time of Pliny, Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83.<

Ăthēnae, ārum, f., = Ἀθῆναι.

1. I. Athens, the capital of Attica, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1; id. Leg. 2, 14, 36; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 194; Hor. S. 1, 1, 64; Juv. 3, 80; Vulg. Act. 17, 15; 17, 16; ib. 1 Thess. 3, 1 al.; cf. Mann. Gr. p. 308 sq., the Grecian city of the Muses, Cic. Fl. 26.
   Hence sometimes meton. for intelligence, Juv. 15, 110; and Athenae Novae, as an appel. of honor for Mediolanum, Plin. Ep. 4, 13.
2. II. The name of other cities in Laconia, Caria, Eubœa, Acarnania, Italy, Arabia, etc., Varr. L. L. 8, § 35 Müll.; Liv. 45, 16 al.

‡ Ăthēnaeŏpŏlītae, ārum, m., inhabitants of Athenœ, an otherwise unknown town, Varr. L. L. 8, § 35 Müll.

Ăthēnaeum, i, n., = Ἀθήναιον, a fortress in Athamania, Liv. 38, 1; 39, 25.

1. Ăthēnaeus, a, um, adj., = Ἀθηναῖος.

1. I. Pertaining to the city of Athens, Athenian, of Athens: Athenaeis in moenibus, Lucr. 6, 749; Plin. 1 in indic. lib. 8, 11, and 12 al.
2. II. Of or pertaining to Athene (Minerva): Ăthēnaeum, i, n., = Ἀθήναιον, a temple of Minerva at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works (as the Rom. poets in the temple of Apollo at Rome; cf. aedes, I.), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 35; a similar building for the same object, built by the emperor Adrian at Rome, Aur. Vict. Caes. 14.

2. Ăthēnaeus, i, m., = Ἀθηναῖος, a Greek grammarian of Naucratis, in the time of the emperor M. Aurelius, author of the compilation entitled Δειπνοσοφισταί.

Ăthēnĭensis, e, adj. [Athenae], of or pertaining to Athens, Athenian: populus, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 18; Val. Max. 4, 1: civis, Nep. Dion, 8, 1: Themistocles, Cic. Scaur. 2, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8; Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—Ăthē-nĭenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Athens, the Athenians, Cic. Fl. 26; id. Off. 1, 22, 75 al.; Sall. C. 2, 2; Nep. Milt. 1, 1; Liv. 31, 44, 9; Mel. 1, 14, 3; Vulg. 2 Macc. 9, 15; ib. Act. 17, 21; 17, 22 et saep.

Athēnĭo, ōnis, m., a slave, leader in a slave-insurrection in Sicily, A. U. C. 652, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, and 2, 3, 54.
Applied contemptuously to Sex. Clodius, Cic. Att. 3. 12, 2.

† ăthĕŏs (-us), i, m., = ἄθεος, he that does not believe in God, an atheist: Diagoras, atheos qui dictus est, Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 63 B. and K. (Orelli writes it as Greek); so Arn. 3, p. 116; 5, p. 178.

† ăthēra, ae, f., = ἀθήρα, a medicine prepared from arinca: Olyram arincam diximus vocari. Hac decoctā fit medicamentum, quod Aegyptii atheram vocant, Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 121.

Ătherĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to a jurist Atherius, Atherian: jus, Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 3 (Aterianus, Atterianus, Orell., B. and K.; al. Haterianus).

† athē̆rōma, ătis, n., = ἀθέρωμα (ἀθήρωμα), a swelling upon the head, a tumor filled with matter, Cels. 7, 6; Veg. Art. Vet. 2, 30.

Ăthĕsis or Ătĕsis, is, m. (acc. Athesim; abl. Athesi; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 210, 228), = Ἄταγις, Strabo, a river in Upper Italy, now the Adige: Atesis, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 121 Jan: Athesim propter amoenum, Verg. A. 9, 680 Rib.; Sil. 8, 595; Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 196; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 143.

Athis, ĭdis, m. (acc. Athin), a son of Limnate, slain by Perseus, Ov. M. 5, 47; 5, 63; 5, 72 Merk. (al. Athys, Atys, Attis).

athla, ae, v. athlon.

† āthlēta, ae, com. (nom. athletes, Stat. S. 53, 222; acc. athletam, Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 32, 593), = ἀθλητής, a wrestler, a prize-fighter, athlete, Cic. Sen. 9, 27; id. Or. 68, 228; id. Tusc. 2, 23, 56; 2, 17, 40; Nep. Epam. 2, 4; Liv. 39, 22 al.
Trop., one who, by exertion and practice, has acquired much skill in a thing, a champion, master (only ante- and post-class.): pecuarii athletae, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 2: athletae comitiorum, id. ib. 3, 5 fin.

āthlētĭcē, adv., v. athleticus fin.

† āthlētĭcus, a, um, adj., = ἀθλητικός, of or pertaining to the athlete, athletic (not in Cic.): victus, Cels. 4, 6 fin.: ars, Gell. 15, 16, 2; also without ars: āthlētĭca, ae, f., the athletic art, athletics, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 205.
Adv.: āthlētĭcē, athletically, only in Plaut.: Pancratice atque athletice (valuit), Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14: Valet pugilice atque athletice, id. Ep. 1, 1, 18.

† āthlon, i, n. (āthla, ae, f., Petr. 57 fin., like schema, diadema, dogma; cf. Schneid. Gr. p. 274), = ἆθλον, a struggle, a work, labor, pains, Manil. 3, 162; 3, 172; 3, 193 al.; Hyg. Fab. 30.

Ăthō̆s (upon the length of the o in Athos, cf. Wagner ad Verg. G. 1, 332; nom. also Atho, Athon; gen. not found, yet it may be assumed as Ăthōnis; dat. Atho; acc. Atho, Athŏn, Athonem, and, acc. to Serv ad Verg. A. 12, 701, also Athona; abl. Athone; cf. Seyfert, Gr. §§ 1498-1500; Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 638, 344, 132), m., = Ἄθως, later Ἄθων, ωνος, Athos, a high mountain on the Strymonian Gulf, in Macedonia, opposite Lemnos, now Agion Oros or Monte Santo, Mel. 2, 2, 9 and 10; 2, 7, 8; Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 37; 4, 12, 23, § 72; 7, 2, 2, § 27; Liv. 44, 11; 45, 30; Verg. G. 1, 332 (as an imitation of Theocr. 7, 77); id. A. 12, 701; Ov M. 2, 217; 11, 554; Val. Fl. 1, 664; Juv 10, 174; Sen. Herc. Oet. 145; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 336; id. IV Cons. Hon. 475; id. in Eutr 2, 162; id. B. Get. 177; id. Gigant. 68; id. Laud. Stil. 1, 127.
In plur. Athōnes, Lucil. ap. Gell. 16, 9 fin.

Ătīlĭānus, a, um, v. Atilius.

Ătīlĭus, a, um, adj.

1. I. A Roman gentile name, e. g. M. Atilius Regulus, Atilius Rufus, Atilius Verus, etc.
2. II. Derivv.
1. A. Atilia lex de dediticiis, introduced by the tribune of the people L. Atilius, A. U. C. 544, Liv. 26, 33 and 34.
2. B. Ătīlĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atilius, Atilian: praedia, Cic. Att. 5, 1: virtus, that of Atilius Regulus, Val. Max. 4, 4, ext. 6.

Ātīna, ae. f., = Ἄτινα.

1. I.
   1. A. A town in Latium, still called Atina, Liv. 9, 28; Verg. A. 7, 630; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 675.
      Hence,
   2. B. Ātīnas, ātis, adj., of Atina, Atinatic, or Atinatian: praefectura, Cic. Planc. 8.
      Absol.: in Atinati, in the Atinatic territory, Cic. Att. 15, 3.—Ātīnātes, ium, m., the inhabitants of Atina, Cic. Planc. 8.
2. II. A town of the Venetians, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 131; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 95.
3. III. A town in Lucania, now Atena; hence, Ātīnas, ātis, adj., Atinatic: in Atinate campo, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 225.

Ătīnia ulmus, v. Atinius, II. B.

Ătīnĭus, a, um, adj.

1. I. Name of a Roman gens, e. g. C. Atinius Labeo, etc.
2. II. Derivv.
1. A. Atinia lex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42; Gell. 17, 7; Dig. 41, 3, 4; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 381.
2. B. Atinia ulmus, a kind of elm-tree, the loose-flowering elm: Ulmus effusa, Willd.; Col. 5, 6, 2 and 9; id. Arb. 16, 1; Plin. 16, 17, 29, § 72.

Ătintānĭa, ae, f., = Ἀτιντανία, a region in Epirus, on the borders of Macedonia, Liv. 27, 30; 29, 12; 45, 30.

Ătĭus, a, um, adj., name of a Roman gens., e. g. M. Atius Balbus, etc., and Ătĭa, ae, f., the daughter of Atius Balbus, and mother of Augustus, Suet. Aug. 4 and 94; cf. Atys.

† ătĭzōē, ēs, f., = ἀτιζώη, a precious stone of a silver lustre, Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 147.

Ā̆tlantĭgĕna, ae, f. [Atlas-gigno], begotten of Atlas, daughter of Atlas, i. e. Maia; old poet in Anthol. Lat. Burm. 2, p. 364.

† ā̆tlantĭon, ii, n. [Atlas], the lowest vertebra of the neck (so called because on it rests the whole burden of the head and the remaining vertebrae of the neck): hunc spinae articulum sive nodum Atlantion vocant, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 99.

Ā̆tlās, antis, m., = Ἄτλας.

1. I. Atlas, a high mountain in Mauretania, in the northwest part of Libya, on which, acc. to the fable, heaven rested, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 11 sqq.; Ov. M. 2, 296; 15, 149; id. F. 5, 83; Verg. A. 4, 247; 6, 796; Vitr. 6, 10; 8, 12; Hyg. Fab. 150 (cf. Hom. Od. 1, 52; 4, 385; Hdt. 3, 2; 4, 148; Apollod. 2, 5, 11; Diod. Sic. 3, 5).
2. II. In mythology, a king of Mauretania, son of Iapetus and Clymene, a lover of astronomy, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 8; Ov. M. 4, 628 sq.; changed by Perseus, with the aid of Medusa’s head, into Mount Atlas, because he refused him a hospitable reception as guest, Ov. M. 4, 657 sq. He was the father, by Pleione, of the seven Pleiades, and, by Æthra, of the seven (acc. to Hyg. five) Hyades.
   Meton. for a man of colossal height, and iron. for a dwarf, Juv. 8, 32.
3. III. Derivv.
1. A. Ā̆tlantĭcus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Mount Atlas, as a designation for westAfrican, Libyan: mare, the Atlantic Ocean, Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21: accola, dwelling on Atlas, Sil. 10, 185: munera, i. e. citrus-wood, Mart. 14, 89; cf. Atlantis, 1.
2. B. Ā̆tlantĭăcus, a, um, adj., the same: litus, Sil. 13, 200: Olympus, i. e. the heaven borne by Atlas, Calp. 4, 83: profundum, Aus. Mos. 144.
3. C. Ā̆tlantēus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Atlas, and,
1. (α) Of Mount Atlas, as a designation for west-African, Libyan: finis, Hor. C. 1, 34, 11: Oceanus, the Atlantic Ocean, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 280; cf. id. Prob. et Olyb. Cons. 35: gurges, Stat. Achill. 1, 223.
2. (β) Of or belonging to King Atlas: Pleiades, Ov. F. 3, 105.
4. D. Ā̆t-lantĭădes, ae, m. patr., a male descendant of King Atlas.
1. (α) Mercury, the grandson of Atlas by Maia, Ov. M. 2, 704; 2, 834; 8, 627 (cf.: nepos Atlantis, Ov. F. 5, 663; Hor. C. 1, 10, 1).
2. (β) Hermaphroditus, greatgrandson of Atlas and son of Mercury, Ov. M. 4, 368.
5. E. Ā̆tlantĭăs, ădis, f. patr., a female descendant of Atlas: sorores, i. e. Pleiades, daughters of Atlas, Sil. 16, 136: Calypso, Auct. Priap. 69 (cf. Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 685 P.: apud nympham Atlantis filiam Calypsonem).
4. F. Ā̆tlantis, ĭdis, f.
1. 1. Adj., of or pertaining to Mount Atlas: silva, a citrus forest, Luc. 10, 144; cf. Atlanticus.
   Also subst., the name of several islands in the Atlantic Ocean, of which the largest, acc. to Plato, was said to have sunk (some consider this as America), Plin. 2, 90, 92, § 205; 6, 31, 36, § 190.
2. 2. Adj., of or pertaining to King Atlas; and subst., his female posterity; thus the Pleiades and Hyades, connected as constellations in the heavens, are called Atlantides, Hyg. Fab. 192; id. Astr. 2, 21: Eoae Atlantides, the Pleiades, called Vergiliae, Verg. G. 1, 221 Serv.; Col. 10, 54; cf. Vitr. 6, 10.
   In sing., an epithet of Electra, one of the Pleiades, Ov F. 4, 31; and of Calypso, Tib. 4, 1, 77.
5. G. Ā̆tlantĭus, ii, m., a descendant of Atlas; Hermaphroditus, his great-grandson by Mercury (cf. Atlantiades), Hyg. Fab. 271.
6. IV. Ā̆tlantes, um, m., a Libyan people, Mel. 1, 4, 4; 1, 8, 5; Plin. 5, 8, 8, § 44 sq.; Sol. 31.
7. V. Atlantes = Gigantes, Naev. Bell. Punic. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P.

† ătŏcĭum, ii, n., = ἀτόκιον, a medicine that prevents conception, Plin. 29, 4, 27, § 85.

† ătŏmus, a, um, adj., = ἄτομος.

1. I. Uncut, not to be cut, indivisible: Graeci (tus) stagonian et atomum tali modo appellant, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 62.
   Far more freq.,
2. II. Subst.: ătŏmus (-ŏs), i, f., = ἡ ἄτομος, an indivisible element.
1. A. Of matter, an atom, of which particles, acc. to the doctrine of Democritus, all things are composed (the distinction between an atom, an ultimate particle of matter, and a molecule, the ultimate combination of matter, was of course unknown to the ancients; syn.: corpora, corpora parva, corpora minuta, corpuscula, Lucr., Cic.): atomi, id est corpora individua propter soliditatem, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; id. Fat. 11, 24; id. N. D. 1, 24, 66; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6 al.; Vitr. 2, 2; Lact. de Ira Dei, 10 (where, as in Vitr. 2, 2, acc. to several editt., it stands as masc.); Isid. Orig. 13, 2, 1 sqq.
2. B. Of time: in atomo, after the Gr. ἐν ἀτόμῳ, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, Tert. Res. Carn. 42 and 51; id. adv. Marc. 3, 24; so in the Gr. Test. 1 Cor. 15, 52, but rendered in momento by the Vulg.

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. πρὸς δέ, πρὸς δὲ ἔτι, ἔτι καί, ἔτι δέ, and τὲ καί; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion at-qui], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).

1. I. In joining single words, which is its most common use.
1. A. In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1. 1. The form atque.
1. a. Before vowels and h.
   Before a (very freq.): sociorum atque amicorum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.
   Before e (very freq.): deposci atque expeti, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.
   Before i (very freq.): excitare atque inflammare, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.
   Before o (freq. in Cic.): honestissimus atque ornatissimus, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.
   Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.
   Before h (not infreq.): Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.
2. b. Before consonants.
   Before b (very rare): Gallorum atque Belgarum, Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so, Cassius atque Brutus, Tac. A. 3, 76.
   Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.): in portubus atque custodiis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.
   Before d (infreq.): superatam esse atque depressam, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.
   Before f (infreq.): vitiis atque flagitiis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.
   Before g (very rare): dignitate atque gloria, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12: virtute atque gloria, Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.
   Before j (very rare): labore atque justitia, Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.
   Before l (rare): hilari atque laeto, Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.
   Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.): multae atque magnae, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.
   Before n (infreq.): adventu atque nomine, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis.
   Before p (infreq. in Cic.): magna atque praeclara, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.
   Before q (does not occur).
   Before r (rare): se conlegit atque recreavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.
   Before s (rare in Cic.): provinciarum atque sociorum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.
   Before t (infreq.): parietum atque tectorum, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.
   Before v (infreq.): gravis atque vehemens, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.
2. 2. The form ac before consonants.
   Before b (very rare): sentientes ac bene meritos, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149: feri ac barbari, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.
   Before c (very rare): liberis ac conjugibus, Liv. 21, 30: Romae ac circa urbem, id. 21, 62.
   Before d (freq. in Cic.): periculum ac discrimen, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42: usus ac disciplina, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.
   Before f (infreq.): opima est ac fertilis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103: potentissimos ac firmissimos, Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12; 2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima, Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.
   Before g (does not occur).
   Before j (very rare): nobilitatis ac juventutis, Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.
   Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.
   Before m (not infreq. in Cic.): terrore ac metu, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.
   Before n (not infreq. in Cic.): insedit ac nimis inveteravit, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7: gentes ac nationes, id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.
   Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.): celeberrimum ac plenissimum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.
   Before q (does not occur).
   Before r (infreq.): firmamenti ac roboris, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.
   Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.): vectigalibus ac sociis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.
   Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.): tantis rebus ac tanto bello, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.
   Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.): armatos ac victores, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: inconsulte ac veluti etc., Sall. C. 42, 2: opera ac vineae, Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43.
   (So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).
   With simul: Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat, Tac. Agr. 35: in se simul atque in Herculem, id. G. 34: suos prosequitur simul ac deponit, id. ib. 30; so, sociis pariter atque hostibus, id. H. 4, 73: innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere, id. A. 1, 48.
   Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79: verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum, Cic. Cael. 19, 45: omnia honesta atque inhonesta, Sall. C. 30, 4: nobiles atque ignobiles, id. ib. 20, 7: caloris ac frigoris patientia par, Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127: vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.
2. B. Esp.
1. a. In a hendiadys: utinam isto animo atque virtute in summā re publicā versari quam in municipali maluisset, with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36: de conplexu ejus ac sinu, of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22: me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama, Sall. C. 3 fin.: clamore atque adsensu, shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.
2. b. In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
1. (α) Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6: Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro istā re ac lubens, and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15: rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam, and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52: magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc., and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: hebeti ingenio atque nullo, and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45: ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex mediā morte, and even, id. Cat. 4, 9: fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto, and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11: intra moenia atque in sinu urbis, id. C. 52, 35.
2. (β) With adeo, and that too, and even: intra moenia atque adeo in senatu, Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5: qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc., id. ib. 2, 12, 27: insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen, id. Planc. 19 fin.: non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem, Liv. 10, 5.
   And with autem also added: atque adeo autem quor etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.
3. (γ) With etiam: id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est, and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8: ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodiā habeant, Liv. 3, 46.
4. (δ) With the dem. pron. hic, is: negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili, and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14: maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis, Caes. B. C. 1, 27: Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi, id. ib. 2, 2: duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum, id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70: flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest, id. B. G. 5, 18: ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores … atque id eo magis, quod, etc., id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.: dicendi artem aptā trepidatione occultans atque eo validior, Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.
2. II. In comparisons.
1. A. Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structurā Graecā (sc. ὅμοιος καί, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. καί, III.: si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam, Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4: Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52: pariter nunc operā me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3: neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit, Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3: parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit, Nep. Dat. 3, 5: magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit, id. Hann. 5, 3: pariter patribus ac plebi carus, Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24: In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem, Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70: equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam … non item sunt spectandi atque habendi, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Müll.: cum ex provinciā populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19: Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii, Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, δ); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.: et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc., id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.: similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit, Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3: contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse, Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9: faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio, Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10: cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus, Nep. Milt. 7, 4.
2. B. Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than: illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu, other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. α: aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf. also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium, Cic. Att. 2, 3: simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere, id. Cat. 3, 8, 20: vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse, id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46: qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum, id. Rep. 6, 17, 17: membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita, id. de Or. 3, 30, 119: cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo, id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.
3. C. Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si; once, however, non aliter, ac si, Cic. Att. 13, 51; v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt, Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11: nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poëta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis, id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.: quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46: et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc., id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73: si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis, id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11: Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent, just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43: tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc., id. N. D. 3, 3, 8: reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit, id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20: quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater, id. Mur. 4 fin.: haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc., Liv. 5, 5 fin. al.
4. D. More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.; in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73: haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere, id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5: debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse, Cic. Cat. 4, 2: pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem, id. Inv. 1, 32, 54: non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare, nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2: neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118: num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi? id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.
5. E. Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style): nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21: quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20: quae suco caret atque putris pumex, Priap. 32, 7 (Müll., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.
3. F. Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than: amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56: non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est, Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.: Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma, Cat. 61, 172: haud minus ac jussi faciunt, Verg. A. 3, 561: Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus, Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra: nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portārit): qui peccas minus atque ego, id. ib. 2, 7, 96: Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex, id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk.
4. G. In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim: principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit, as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40: judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit, Dig. 21, 1, 25: quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat, ib. 16, 1, 24.
5. III. To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
1. a. Absol.: Decipiam ac non veniam, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6: si fidem habeat, … ac non id metuat, ne etc., id. Eun. 1, 2, 60: perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia, Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54: quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tantā multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc., id. Rosc. Am. 33: si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare? id. N. D. 2, 6, 17: nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur, id. Att. 1, 16: si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere, id. Agr. 2, 37, 101: si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur, id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientiā tuā te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6: velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent, Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.: si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum, Tac. Or. 1.
2. b. With potius: Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et): quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem? id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.
   Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non: concremāsse ea (scrinia) optumā fide atque non legisse, Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep.
6. IV. In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1. 1. In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20: atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33: cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc. … Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc., Hor. S. 1, 10, 31: multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc. … quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumeliā incenderentur, Tac. A. 1, 47: Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses, Tac. Or. 14: ac similiter in translatione, etc., Quint. 3, 6, 77.
2. 2. In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
1. a. Absol.: maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc., and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K.
2. b. Often with etiam: Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur, Cic. Or. 40, 139: Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc., id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.
3. c. Sometimes with quoque: Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.
4. d. And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.
3. 3. In narration: aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat, Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.: completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies, Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init.
4. 4. In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry): Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53: ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coörta est Seditio. … Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc., Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715; 12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc., Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664; and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc. … Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium, Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Müller read: Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16: Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc., id. Lael. 15, 54.
5. 5. In connecting two acts or events.
1. a. In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Müll.): Quo imus unā; ad prandium? Atque illi tacent, And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19: Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt, and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33: dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9: lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum, and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes … atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162: dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro, Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17: tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt, id. ib. 1, 82.
   Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions: cape hoc argentum atque defer, Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3: abi domum ac deos comprecare, id. Ad. 4, 5, 65: tace modo ac sequere hac, id. ib. 2, 4, 16: Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere, Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330: Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma, id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.
2. b. In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
1. (α) Absol.: si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerāsses, and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.
2. (β) With ita or sic: Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc., Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158: ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur, Quint. 12, 10, 67.
3. c. Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.): non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni, Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).
6. 6. (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance: Satisne videtur declarāsse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret, Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4: hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte … coërcent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio, id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus … exsules damnatosque totā Galliā magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit; ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Galliā auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.
   Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion: Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est, And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.
7. 7. In expressing a wish, atque utinam: Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui īdem ornate ac graviter, īdem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus! Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8: Atque utinam pro decore etc., Liv. 21, 41, 13: Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc., Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575: Atque utinam … Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis! Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.
8. 8. To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
1. a. Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile; atque ipsis commentum placet, Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.): ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito! … Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre, id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.: ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum … Atque ego credo fore qui, etc., and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35: observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos … Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant, Plin. Pan. 26.
2. b. With tamen: nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85: discipulos dissimilīs inter se ac tamen laudandos, id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12: Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc., id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.): ac tamen initia fastigii etc., Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56; 14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certāsse, ac tamen fusos Germanos, id. H. 5, 16.
9. 9. To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrāsset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres; … Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc., Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.
   Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied: nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet), Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.
10. 10. In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
1. a. A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection: Ac ne sine causā videretur edixisse, Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24: Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur, id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30: Ac ne saepius dicendum sit, Cels. 8, 1: Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13: Ac ne forte putes, id. ib. 2, 1, 208: Ac ne forte putes etc., Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).
2. b. A positive purpose: Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9: Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc. … dico etc., id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40: Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc., id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.
7. 11.
   1. a. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc., … perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3: atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc., id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.
   1. b. In introducing parentheses: vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum, Liv. 21, 38: omne adfectūs genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuriā, etc., Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae.
   2. c. At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50: Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus, id. Off. 1, 6, 19: Ac de inferendā quidem injuriā satis dictum est, id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.
8. V. In particular connections and phrases.
1. A. Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that: unae atque alterae scalae, Sall. J. 60, 7: quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret, id. ib. 93, 2: unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit, Tac. H. 5, 6: dilatisque aliā atque aliā de causā comitiis, Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10: alius atque alius, Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).
   Also separated by several words: aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium, Sen. Ep. 32, 2.
2. B. Etiam atque etiam. again and again: temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11: etiam atque etiam considera, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46: monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo, id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.
   So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and: iterum atque iterum, Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.
3. C. Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.
4. D. Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29: atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum, but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48: Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum, and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.
5. E. Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally: Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a naturā data, Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223: quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias aliā terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum, id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eādem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83: nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis, id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8: Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus, Quint. 10, 2, 2.
9. F. With other conjunctions.
1. 1. After et: equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247: Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna, id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13: vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti, Tac. Agr. 32.: denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent, Liv. 21, 6, 4: ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem, id. 21, 41, 2: et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque, Quint. 8, 3, 3: Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur, id. 12, 10, 67.
2. 2. After que, as in Gr. τὲ καί: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20: submoverique atque in castra redigi, Liv. 26, 10: terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere, id. 21, 52: mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit, Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.
3. 3. Before et: caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes, Tac. Agr. 32.
4. 4. After neque (only in the poets and post-Aug. prose): nec clavis nec canis atque calix, Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestūs neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10: mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit, Suet. Vesp. 12.
10. G. Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Müll.: atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam, Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20: omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tuā gravitate positam existimare, id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.
    Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets: Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia, Cat. 68, 152: Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus, Verg. G. 4, 463: Clioque et Beroë atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia, id. ib. 4, 343.
    And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et: Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita, Tib. 2, 5, 73: complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater, Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    Note: Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
1. a. In the second place: Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres, Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.: Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta, id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304): Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum, Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).
2. b. In the third place: quod pubes hederā virente Gaudeant pullā magis atque myrto, Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

at-qui (in MSS. sometimes adqui, e. g. Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8 Mai, and often confounded with atque), conj. (the form atquin is incorrect and post-class.; for Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 55, should be read at quin separately, Fleck.; cf. Caper Orth. p. 2441) [qui, abl. of indef. quis, used adverbially; so pr. but anyhow; cf.: alioqui, ceteroqui].

1. I. In gen., serving to connect-an adversative clause or assertion, but anyhow, but any way or wise, yet, notwithstanding, however, rather, but now, but nevertheless, and yet, ἀλλὰ δή, ἀλλὰ δήπου, ἀλλὰ μήν (a purely adversative particle, a more emphatic at, while atque is regularly copulative; v. atque; syn.: at, sed, verum, autem; comparatively rare in all periods, it being scarcely more than an emphasized form of at): Th. Quid aïs, venefica? Py. Atqui certo comperi, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9: Sy. Gratiam habeo. De. Atqui, Syre, Hoc verumst et re ipsā experiere propediem, id. Ad. 5, 5, 7: Cl. Satis scite promittit tibi. Sy. Atqui tu hanc jocari credis? but yet do you believe that she is jesting? id. Heaut. 4, 4, 7: cum omnia vi et armis egeris, accuses eum, qui se praesidio munierit, non ut te oppugnaret, sed ut vitam suam posset defendere? Atqui ne ex eo quidem tempore id egit Sestius, ut, etc., and yet, Cic. Sest. 37, 79: tum, ut me Cotta vidit, peropportune, inquit, venis … atqui mihi quoque videor, inquam, venisse, ut dicis, opportune, rather I seem to myself, etc., ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ἐμοὶ δοκῶ, id. N. D. 1, 7, 16: vitas hinnuleo me similis Chloe … atqui non ego te tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor, but yet, ἀλλά τοι, Hor. C. 1, 23, 1-10: Jam vero videtis nihil esse tam morti simile quam somnum; atqui dormientium animi maxime declarant divinitatem suam, but yet, Cic. Sen. 22, 81: tum dixisse (Lysandrum), mirari se non modo diligentiam, sed etiam sollertiam ejus, a quo essent illa dimensa atque descripta: et ei Cyrum respondisse: Atqui (sc. ne putes alium id fecisse) ego omnia ista sum dimensus, id. ib. 17, 59.
2. II. Esp.
1. A. In adding a thought confirmatory of a preceding one, but not antithetical (v. at init.), but indeed, but certainly, by all means: Do. Salvos sis, adulescens Sa. Siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo. To. Atqui aut hoc emptore vendes pulcre aut alio non potest, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 31: Et Philus: praeclaram vero causam ad me defertis, cum me improbitatis patrocinium suscipere vultis. Atqui id tibi, inquit Laelius, verendum est, but certainly (ironically), Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8; id. Leg. 1, 1, 4.
   Sometimes with pol or sic: atqui pol hodie non feres, ni genua confricantur, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 80: Py. Scis eam civem hinc esse? Pa. Nescio. Py. Atqui sic inventast, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 30: hunc ego non diligam? non admirer? non omni ratione defendendum putem? Atqui sic a summis hominibus eruditissimis accepimus, etc., yet so we have certainly heard, etc., Cic. Arch. 8, 18.
2. B. So also atqui si, adversative, but if, or continuative, if now, if indeed (cf.: quod si): sine veniat. Atqui si illam digito attigerit, oculi illi ilico ecfodientur, if, however, he do but touch her, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 1 (Fleck., Qui): quae et conscripta a multis sunt diligenter et sunt humiliora quam illa, quae a nobis exspectari puto. Att. Atqui si quaeris ego quid exspectem, etc., Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62: atqui, si ita placet, inquit Antonius, trademus etiam, well now, if, id. de Or. 2, 50, 204: atqui Si noles sanus, curres hydropicus, but now if you are unwilling, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 33: atqui si tempus est ullum jure hominis necandi, quae multa sunt, certe illud est, but if now there is any time, Cic. Mil. 4 init.
3. C. To modify a preceding negation or negative interrogation, yet, still, instead of that, rather: Ni. Numquam auferes hinc aurum. Ch. Atqui jam dabis, but, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 26: Non sum apud me. Se. Atqui opus est nunc quom maxime ut sis, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 27: O rem, inquis, difficilem et inexplicabilem. Atqui explicanda est, nevertheless, Cic. Att. 8, 3; id. Ac. 2, 36, 114: magnum narras, vix credibile. Atqui Sic habet, but in fact, so it is, Hor. S. 1, 9, 52; Curt. 6, 10, 5: modum statuarum haberi nullum placet? Atqui habeatur necesse est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59; 2, 3, 86; id. Parad. 1, 1, 7; Flor. 4, 2, 53; Curt. 6, 10, 10.
4. D. To connect a minor proposition in a syllogism (both an affirmative and a negative, while atque only connects an affirm. proposition), but, but now, now: Ergo cum sol igneus sit, quia nullus ignis sine pastu aliquo possit permanere, necesse est aut ei similis sit igni, quem … aut ei, qui … atqui hic noster ignis etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40 and 41: qui fortis est, idem est fidens … Qui autem est fidens, is profecto non extimescit … Atqui in quem cadit aegritudo, in eundem timor … Ita fit, ut fortitudini aegritudo repugnet, Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14: (mors) aut plane neglegenda est … aut etiam optanda, si, etc. Atqui tertium certe nihil inveniri potest. Quid igitur timeam si, etc., id. Sen. 19, 66; id. Tusc. 5, 14, 40. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 513-524.)

Ā̆trăc-ĭdes, -is, -ius, v. Atrax.

† ătractylis, ĭdis, f., = ἀτρακτυλίς, a thistle-like plant, woolly carthamus: Carthamus lanatus, Linn.; Plin. 21, 15, 53, § 90; 21, 32, 107, § 184.

ātrāmentārĭum, ii, n. [atramentum], an inkstand: atramentarium scriptoris, Vulg. Ezech. 9, 2 (as transl. of the Heb. [??]); 9, 3; 9, 11.

ātrāmentum, i, n. [ater], any black liquid: sepiae, Cic. N D. 2, 50, 127.

1. I. Writing-ink, ink; in Vitr. 7, 10, and Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 52, called atramentum librarium: calamo et atramento temperato, Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 15, 6: per atramentum et calamum scribere, Vulg. 3 Joan. 13; Petr. 102, 13; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 236; Vulg. Jer. 36, 18; ib. 2 Joan. 12.
2. II. A black pigment or color, Vitr. 7, 10; 7, 4; Plin. 35, 6, 25, § 41; also a fine, dark varnish, lacquer, id. 35, 10, 36, § 97: Indicum, India or China ink, id. 35, 6, 25, § 43.
3. III. A blacking for coloring leather: atramentum sutorium, Plin. 34, 12, 32, § 123; Cic. Fam. 9, 21 fin.
4. IV. In comic language: Sc. Unā operā ebur atramento candefacere postulas. Phil. Lepide dictum de atramento atque ebore, i. e. you require something impossible, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 102.

Ā̆tramītae, ārum, m., = Ἀδραμῖται, a people in the eastern part of Arabia Felix, now Hadramaut, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 154; 12, 14, 30, § 52; cf. Mann. Arab. 79.
Hence, Ā̆tramītĭcus, a, um, adj., of or from the country of the Atramitœ, Atramitic: myrrha, Plin. 12, 16, 35, § 69.

1. ātrātus, a, um, P. a., as if from atro, āre [ater], clothed in black for mourning, dressed in mourning: cedo, quis umquam cenārit atratus? * Cic. Vatin. 12 fin.: plebes, Tac. A. 3, 2: senex, Suet. Galb. 18.
Also of suppliants: an atratus prodiret in publicum proque rostris precaretur, Suet. Ner. 47.
Poet. of the horses in the chariot of the sun darkened in an eclipse: Solis et atratis luxerit orbis equis, Prop. 4, 4, 34 (cf. id. 3, 7, 32: Et citius nigros sol agitabit equos).

* 2. Ātrātus, i, m., a small river in the vicinity of Rome, Cic. Div. 1, 43, 98 B. and K.

Ā̆trax, ăcis, = Ἄτραξ.

1. I.
   1. A. Masc., a river in Ætolia, Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6.
   2. B. Derivv.
   1. 1. Ā̆trăces, those living near the Atrax, Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6.
   2. 2. Ā̆trā-cĭus, a, um, adj., of Atrax, Atracian: oris, Prop. 1, 8, 25 (Müll., Antariis).
2. II.
   1. A. Fem., a town in Thessaly, on the Peneus, now Sidhiro-peliko, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 29; Liv. 32, 15; 36, 10.
   2. B. Derivv.
   1. 1. Ā̆tră-cĭus, a, um, Atracian, poet. for Thessalian: ars, i. e. magic art, which the Thessalians practised much, Stat. Th. 1, 105: venenum, Val. Fl. 6, 447.
   2. 2. (A patronymic instead of a gentile nom.; cf. Loers ad Ov. H. 17, 248.) Ā̆trăcĭdes, ae, m., the Thessalian Cœneus, Ov. M. 12, 209.
   3. 3. Ā̆tră-cis, ĭdis, f., the Thessalian woman, Hippodamia, Ov. Am. 1, 4, 8; id. H. 17, 248; called also Ātrăcĭa virgo in Val. Fl. 1, 141.

Atrĕbătes, um, m., = Ἀτρέβατοι Strab., Ἀτρεβάτιοι Ptolem., a people in Gallia Belgica, now Artois or Dép. du Pas de Calais, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 2, 16; 2, 23; 7, 75; Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 106.
In sing.: Atrĕ-bas, ătis, m., an Atrebatian, Caes. B. C. 4, 35.
Hence, Atrĕbătĭcus, a, um, adj., Atrebatian: sagum, Treb. Gall. 6.

Ā̆treus (dissyl.; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 24), ei, m., = Ἀτρεύς.

1. I. A son of Pelops (hence, Pelopeïus, Ov. H. 8, 27) and Hippodamia, brother of Thyestes, father of Agamemnon and Menelaus, king of Argos and Mycenœ, Ov. M. 15, 855.
   Atrea (acc.), Ov. Am. 3, 12, 39.
   Atreu (voc.), Sen. Thyest. 486; 513.
2. II. Derivv.
1. A. Ā̆trēĭus or Ā̆trēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atreus, poet. for Argive, Stat. Th. 8, 743; cf. Pompei. Gram. p. 113 Lind.
2. B. Ā̆trīdes (Atridă in nom., Prop. 2, 14, 1), ae, m., a male descendant of Atreus; Atrides, absol. usu. for Agamemnon; in plur.: Atridae, the Atrides, i. e. Agamemnon and Menelaus, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1: non minor Atrides, non bello major et aevo, i. e. not Menelaus, not Agamemnon, Ov. M. 12, 623; cf. id. ib. 13, 359; 15, 162.
   In dat. and abl. plur.: Atridis, Hor. S. 2, 3, 203; Ov. P. 1, 7, 32.
   In acc. plur.: Atridas superbos, Hor. C. 1, 10, 13.
   In sing.,
1. (α) For Agamemnon, Prop. 4, 6, 23; Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; id. Ep. 1, 2, 12; id. S. 2, 3, 187; Ov. M. 13, 189; 13, 230; 13, 365; 13, 439; 13, 655 et saep.
2. (β) For Menelaus, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 43; Ov. M. 15, 805.
   Sarcastically: Atrides, of Domitian, as a haughty ruler of Rome, Juv. 4, 65.

atrĭārĭus, ii, m. [atrium], a porter, door-keeper, Dig. 4, 9, 1; 7, 1, 15.

‡ atrĭcăpilla, ae, f. [atricapillus], a bird of black plumage, the blackcap, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. melancoryphi, p. 124 Müll.

‡ atricăpillus, a, um, adj., = μελαγκόρυφος, μελάνθριξ, black-haired, Gloss. Lat. Gr.

* ātrĭ-cŏlor, ōris, adj. [ater], blackcolored: Cadmi filiolis atricoloribus, i. e. letters written with ink, Aus. Ep. 7, 52.

Ā̆trīdes, v. Atreus, II. B.

ātrĭensis, is, m. [atrium], the overseer of the hall or court (atrium), and in gen. of the house, a steward, major-domo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 4; so id. As. 2, 1, 16; 2, 2, 80; id. Ps. 2, 2, 15; Cic. Par. 5, 2, 38; id. Pis. 27 fin. (not elsewh. in Cic.; for in Parad. 5, 2, 36, atriensis et topiarii is a gloss; v. Orell. ad h. l.; so B. and K.); so Phaedr. 2, 5, 11; Col. 12, 3, 9; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 3; Petr. 29, 9; 53, 10; 72, 8; Suet. Calig. 57.

ātrĭŏlum, i, n. dim. [atrium], a small hall, an antechamber, Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 3; Inscr. Orell. 4509; Vulg. Ezech. 46, 21 bis; 46, 22; 46, 23.

ātrĭplex, plĭcis (more ancient form ātrĭplexum, i, n., Paul. ex Fest. p. 29 Müll.), n. (m., Plin. Val. 4, 7; f., Aemil. Macer Cap. de Atripl.), = ἀτράφαξις, the orach, a kitchen vegetable, Col. 10, 377; 11, 3, 42; Plin. 19, 6, 31, § 99; 19, 7, 35, § 117; 20, 20, 83, § 219; Pall. 5, 3, 3.

ātrĭtas, ātis, f. [ater], blackness, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 11; Paul. ex Fest. p. 28 Müll.; v. Müll. ad h. l.

(atrītus, a, um, a false read. for atritas in Paul. ex Fest. p. 28 Müll.)

ātrĭum, ii, n. [acc. to Scaliger, from αἴθριον, subdiale, since it was a part of the uncovered portion of the house (but the atrium of the Romans was always covered); acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll., from the Tuscan town Atria, where this style of architecture originated; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.; and Müller, Etrusk. 1, p. 254 sq.; but better from ater, acc. to the explanation of Servius: ibi etiam culina erat, unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo, ad Verg. A. 1, 730].

1. I. The fore-court, hall, entrance-room, entry; that part of the Roman house into which one first came after passing the entrance (janua); cf. Vitr. 6, 4; O. Müller, Archaeol. III. § 293, and Etrusk. above cited. In earlier times, the atrium was used as a dining-room, Cato ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 726. Here stood, opposite the door, the lectus genialis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 87; here sat the housewife with her maidens spinning, Arn. adv. Gent. 2, 67; here clients were in attendance, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 31; Juv. 7, 7 and 91; and here hung the family portraits and other paintings, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 55; Mart. 2, 90; Val. Max. 5, 8, 3; Vulg. Matt. 26, 58; ib. Marc. 14, 54; ib. Joan. 18, 15 al.
   Poet. in the plur., of a single atrium: Apparet domus intus et atria longa patescunt, Verg. A. 2, 483; so Ov. M. 14, 260; Juv. 8, 20 al.
   Meton. for the house itself: nec capient Phrygias atria nostra nurus, Ov. H. 16, 184; id. M. 13, 968.
   So of the entrance-room in the dwelling of the gods: dextrā laevāque deorum Atria nobilium (as it were clients, v. supra) valvis celebrantur apertis, Ov. M. 1, 172; Stat. Th. 1, 197.
2. II. In temples and other public buildings there was often an atrium, a hall, court: in atrio Libertatis, Cic. Mil. 22, 59; Liv. 25, 7; 45, 15; Tac. H. 1, 31; Suet. Aug. 29: Vestae, Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 2; also called atrium regium, Liv. 26, 27; cf. Ov. F. 6, 263; id. Tr. 3, 1, 30: atrium tabernaculi, Vulg. Exod. 27, 9; ib. Lev. 6, 26: in atriis Domūs Dei, ib. Psa. 91, 14; 134, 2; Smith, Dict. Antiq.
   So atrium auctionarium, an auction-hall, auction-room, Cic. Agr. 1, 3; so Inscr. Orell. 3439; and absol., atria: cum desertis Aganippes Vallibus esuriens migraret in atria Clio, Juv. 7, 7. Such halls were the Atria Licinia, Cic. Quinct. 6, 25: ATRIVM SVTORIVM, the shoemakers’ hall, a place in Rome, Calend. Praenest. Inscr. Orell. II. 386.

Ā̆trĭus, i, m., Quintus Atrius, an officer in Cœsar’s army, Caes. B. G. 5, 9.

ā̆trōcĭtas, ātis, f. [atrox], the quality of atrox, harshness, horribleness, hideousness, hatefulness (having reference to the form, appearance, while saevitas relates to the mind; hence the latter is used only of persons, the former of persons and things; v. Doed. Syn. I. p. 40; syn.: saevitas, duritia, acerbitas, crudelitas).

1. I. Lit. (class., but only in prose): si res ista gravissima suā sponte videretur, tamen ejus atrocitas necessitudinis nomine levaretur, Cic. Quinct. 16, 52: ipsius facti atrocitas aut indignitas, id. Inv. 2, 17, 53: facinoris, Suet. Calig. 12: sceleris, Sall. C. 22, 3: temporum, Suet. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 6: poenae, id. Dom. 11.
2. II. Of the mind or manners, agitation (like that of the sea, v. ater and atrocitas maris, Col. 8, 17, 10), tumult rage, savageness, barbarity, atrocity, cruelty, roughness: ego quod in hac causā vehementior sum, non atrocitate animi moveor (quis enim est me mitior?) sed, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6: hae litterae invidiosam atrocitatem verborum habent, id. ad. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6. So, morum, Tac. A. 4, 13: consilium nefandae atrocitatis, Suet. Calig. 48.
   In phil. and jurid. lang. severity, harshness: atrocitas ista quo modo in veterem Academiam irruperit, nescio, Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 136: atrocitas formularum, the rigid strictness of judicial formulas, Quint. 7, 1, 37 Spald.
   In plur., App. Met. 10, c. 28, p. 252.

ā̆trōcĭter, adv., v. atrox fin.

Ā̆trŏpătēnē, ēs, f., = Ἀτροπατηνή (Strabo, 11, 506), the northern, mountainous part of Media, now Aderbigian, Plin. 6, 13, 16, § 42 (Jan, Atrapatene).—Ā̆trŏpătēni, ōrum, m., its inhabitants, Plin. 6, 13, 16, § 42 (Jan, Atrapateni).

† ā̆trŏphī̆a, ae, f., = ἀτροφία, a wasting consumption, atrophy (in pure Lat., tabes), Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 14; 3, 7; Theod. Prisc. 2, 11; cf. Isid. Orig. 4, 7, 27 (in Cels. 3, 22, written as Greek).

† ā̆trŏphus, a, um, adj., = ἄτροφος (not thriving), in a state of atrophy, consumptive, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 129; 31, 10, 46, § 122: membra, consumptive, id. 22, 25, 73, § 152.

Ātrŏpŏs, i, f., = Ἄτροπος (not to be turned), one of the three Parcœ, Mart. 10, 44, 6; Stat. S. 4, 8, 18; id. Th. 3, 68.

† ā̆trōtus, a, um, adj., = ἄτρωτος, invulnerable, Hyg. Fab. 28.

ā̆trox, ōcis, adj. [from ater, as ferox from ferus, velox from velum. Atrocem hoc est asperum, crudelem, quod qui atro vultu sunt, asperitatem ac saevitiam prae se ferunt, Perott.; cf. Doed. Syn. I. p. 38 sq.], dark, gloomy, frowning, horrible, hideous, frightful, dreadful; and trop., savage, cruel, fierce, atrocious, harsh, severe, unyielding (of persons and things; while saevus is used only of persons; v. Doed. as cited supra; very freq. and class.): exta, Naev. ap. Non. p. 76, 6: (fortunam) insanam esse aiunt, quia atrox, incerta, instabilisque sit, Pac. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 125 Rib.): sic Multi, animus quorum atroci vinctus malitiā est, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 141 Rib.: re atroci percitus, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 17: res tam scelesta, tam atrox, tam nefaria credi non potest, Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62: saevissimi domini atrocissima effigies, Plin. Pan. 52 fin.: Agrippina semper atrox, always gloomy, Tac. A. 4, 52; 2, 57: filia longo dolore atrox, wild, id. ib. 16, 10: hiems, severe, Plin. 18, 35, 80, § 353: nox, Tac. A. 4, 50: tempestas, id. ib. 11, 31: flagrantis hora Caniculae, Hor. C. 3, 13, 9: atrocissimae litterae, Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 3: bellum magnum et atrox, Sall. J. 5, 1: facinus, Liv. 1, 26: non alia ante pugna atrocior, id. 1, 27: periculum atrox, dreadful, id. 33, 5; so, negotium, Sall. C. 29, 2: imperium (Manlii), harsh, Liv. 8, 7: odium, violent, Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.
Of discourse, violent, bitter: tunc admiscere huic generi orationis vehementi atque atroci genus illud alterum … lenitatis et mansuetudinis, Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 200: Summa concitandi adfectūs accusatori in hoc est, ut id, quod objecit, aut quam atrocissimum aut etiam quam maxime miserabile esse videatur, Quint. 6, 1, 15: peroratio, Plin. 27, 2, 2, § 4: et cuncta terrarum subacta Praeter atrocem animum Catonis, stern, unyielding, Hor. C. 2, 1, 24: fides (Reguli), Sil. 6, 378; so, virtus, id. 13, 369: ut verba atroci (i. e. rigido) stilo effoderent, Petr. 4, 3.
Hence of that which is fixed, certain, invincible: occisa est haec res, nisi reperio atrocem mi aliquam astutiam, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7 Lind. (perh. the figure is here drawn from the contest; the atrox pugna and atrox astutia are ludicrously contrasted with occidit res, the cause had been lost, if I had not come to the rescue with powerful art).
Adv.: atrōcĭter, violently, fiercely, cruelly, harshly (only in prose): atrociter minitari, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 62: fit aliquid, id. Rosc. Am. 53 fin.: dicere, id. Or. 17, 56: agitare rem publicam, Sall. J. 37, 1: invehi in aliquem, Liv. 3, 9: deferre crimen, Tac. A. 13, 19 fin.: multa facere, Suet. Tib. 59 al.
Comp.: atrocius in aliquem saevire, Liv. 42, 8; Tac. H. 1, 2; 2, 56: atrocius accipere labores itinerum, reluctantly, id. ib. 1, 23.
Sup.: de ambitu atrocissime agere in senatu, Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 16: leges atrocissime exercere, Suet. Tib. 58.

* atrusca, ae, f., a kind of grape, Macr. S. 2, 16.

‡ 1. atta, like the Gr. ἄττα, a salutation used to old men, father; taken from the lang. of children (cf. Eust. ad Il. 1, 603), Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.

2. Atta, ae, m., a surname for persons who walk upon the tips of their shoes, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll. (prob. from ᾄττω = ᾄσσω, to spring, to hop). So the comic poet, C. Quintius Atta († 652 A.U.C.), of whose writings fragments yet remain; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 71; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 120; Both. Fragm. Poet. Scen. II. p. 97 sq.; Fest. l. l. Upon the signif. of the name Horace plays with the words: Recte necne crocum floresque perambulet Attae Fabula, si dubitem, etc., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 79; cf. Weich. Poet. Lat. p. 345 sq.
The ancestor of the Gens Claudia was an Atta, Suet. Tib. 1.

1. attactus, a, um, Part. of attingo.

2. attactus, ūs, m. [attingo], a touching, touch (very rare, and only in abl. sing.): Corium attactu non asperum ac durum, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8: ille volvitur attactu nullo, Verg. A. 7, 350; Pall. 1, 35, 11.

† attăcus, i, m., = ἀττακός, a kind of locust, Vulg. Lev. 11, 22.

† attăgēn, ēnis, m. (cf. Schneid. Gr. 2, p. 131; Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 153, 318, 323 sq.) (attăgēna, ae, f., Mart. 2, 37, 3, and 13, 61), = ἀτταγήν, a meadow-bird, the hazelhen or heath-cock: Tetrao bonasia, Linn.: Attagen maxume Ionius celeber, Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 133: Non attagen Ionicus Jucundior, Hor. Epod. 2, 54.

†† attăgus, i, m., among the Phrygians = hircus, a he-goat, Arn. 5, p. 199.

Attălēa or Attălīa, ae, f., = Ἀτταλεία, name of a Greek city.

1. A. In the region of Mysia, Plin. 5, 30, 32, § 121.
2. B. On the coast of Pamphylia, Vulg. Act. 14, 25.
3. C. In Galatia; v. Attalenses.

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